Read Morocco Recaptures English Tangier (1684): Correspondence Between Sultan Ismail and Sir Shovell

Morocco Recaptures English Tangier (1684): Correspondence Between Sultan Ismail and Sir Shovell

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Description:In 1684 the Moroccan sultan Moulay Ismail ibn Sharif (ruled 1672-1727) captured the English-ruled Moroccan port of Tangier. Tangier had been ruled by the Portuguese since they conquered it in the late 15th century. The Portuguese, in turn, had turned it over to England as part of the dowry of Portuguese princess Catherine of Braganza, who married the English king Charles II. The English held the city from the 1660s until they abandoned it to the Moroccans.Sultan Ismail was a member of Morocco’s Alouite Dynasty. As sultan, he pursued an aggressive policy, seeking to reconquer Moroccan ports held by European powers, and fighting a series of wars against the Ottoman Turks. In domestic affairs, Ismail moved the Moroccan capital from Fes to Meknes, and suppressed internal opposition from other claimants to the throne. He maintained close diplomatic ties with European powers, along with a network of spies, and corresponded with the monarchs of England and France. He was most friendly with the French king Louis XIV. Ismail’s new capital, Meknes, was said to rival Louis XIV’s Versailles in the magnificence of its architecture.Since the Portuguese first captured Ceuta in the early 1400s, European powers had seized control of various Moroccan coastal towns. Ismail sought to recapture all of the cities. He won his first victory, in this endeavor, when he captured the port of al-Mamura in 1681. That town had been captured by Spain in 1614, and had been occupied by them since that time. Ismail had his leading general, Ali ibn Abdallah al-Rifi lay siege to English-held Tangier. This siege probably helped to convince the English to evacuate the town in 1684, although domestic English politics may have also contributed to the decision. Ismail went on to recapture Spanish-held Larache and Arzila in 1689, and 1691, respectively.In these letters, Sultan Mulay Ismail writes to English naval admiral Sir Cloudesly Shovell, while the latter was on board the Royal Navy ship HMS “Charles Galley”, off the coast of the Moroccan town of Salé (Salee).In his letter, the sultan suggests that the two nations should make peace. Sir Shovell, for his part, offered to return the Moroccan prisoners in English custody to the sultan in exchange for ransom, or for English prisoners held by the Moroccans.Mulay Ismail’s English counterpart, Charles II, had been restored to the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland after the end of a republican regime led by the “Lord Protector” Oliver Cromwell. Cromwell and the English Parliament had come into conflict with Charles II’s father, Charles I. The result was the English Civil War, which led to the beheading of Charles I by Parliament. The young heir to the throne, Charles II, was forced to flee to continental Europe. Charles II was restored to the throne in 1660, after Cromwell’s death.We have made it easy for you to find a PDF Ebooks without any digging. And by having access to our ebooks online or by storing it on your computer, you have convenient answers with Morocco Recaptures English Tangier (1684): Correspondence Between Sultan Ismail and Sir Shovell. To get started finding Morocco Recaptures English Tangier (1684): Correspondence Between Sultan Ismail and Sir Shovell, you are right to find our website which has a comprehensive collection of manuals listed.
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Description: In 1684 the Moroccan sultan Moulay Ismail ibn Sharif (ruled 1672-1727) captured the English-ruled Moroccan port of Tangier. Tangier had been ruled by the Portuguese since they conquered it in the late 15th century. The Portuguese, in turn, had turned it over to England as part of the dowry of Portuguese princess Catherine of Braganza, who married the English king Charles II. The English held the city from the 1660s until they abandoned it to the Moroccans.Sultan Ismail was a member of Morocco’s Alouite Dynasty. As sultan, he pursued an aggressive policy, seeking to reconquer Moroccan ports held by European powers, and fighting a series of wars against the Ottoman Turks. In domestic affairs, Ismail moved the Moroccan capital from Fes to Meknes, and suppressed internal opposition from other claimants to the throne. He maintained close diplomatic ties with European powers, along with a network of spies, and corresponded with the monarchs of England and France. He was most friendly with the French king Louis XIV. Ismail’s new capital, Meknes, was said to rival Louis XIV’s Versailles in the magnificence of its architecture.Since the Portuguese first captured Ceuta in the early 1400s, European powers had seized control of various Moroccan coastal towns. Ismail sought to recapture all of the cities. He won his first victory, in this endeavor, when he captured the port of al-Mamura in 1681. That town had been captured by Spain in 1614, and had been occupied by them since that time. Ismail had his leading general, Ali ibn Abdallah al-Rifi lay siege to English-held Tangier. This siege probably helped to convince the English to evacuate the town in 1684, although domestic English politics may have also contributed to the decision. Ismail went on to recapture Spanish-held Larache and Arzila in 1689, and 1691, respectively.In these letters, Sultan Mulay Ismail writes to English naval admiral Sir Cloudesly Shovell, while the latter was on board the Royal Navy ship HMS “Charles Galley”, off the coast of the Moroccan town of Salé (Salee).In his letter, the sultan suggests that the two nations should make peace. Sir Shovell, for his part, offered to return the Moroccan prisoners in English custody to the sultan in exchange for ransom, or for English prisoners held by the Moroccans.Mulay Ismail’s English counterpart, Charles II, had been restored to the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland after the end of a republican regime led by the “Lord Protector” Oliver Cromwell. Cromwell and the English Parliament had come into conflict with Charles II’s father, Charles I. The result was the English Civil War, which led to the beheading of Charles I by Parliament. The young heir to the throne, Charles II, was forced to flee to continental Europe. Charles II was restored to the throne in 1660, after Cromwell’s death.We have made it easy for you to find a PDF Ebooks without any digging. And by having access to our ebooks online or by storing it on your computer, you have convenient answers with Morocco Recaptures English Tangier (1684): Correspondence Between Sultan Ismail and Sir Shovell. To get started finding Morocco Recaptures English Tangier (1684): Correspondence Between Sultan Ismail and Sir Shovell, you are right to find our website which has a comprehensive collection of manuals listed.
Our library is the biggest of these that have literally hundreds of thousands of different products represented.

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Morocco Recaptures English Tangier (1684): Correspondence Between Sultan Ismail and Sir Shovell

Morocco Recaptures English Tangier (1684): Correspondence Between Sultan Ismail and Sir Shovell

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